The March treatment was preferred, because it was more effective and accessibility was greater on the frozen winter ground than on the wet summer ground [38].

Ecology . Thinleaf alder provides cover for aquatic organisms.

This community type is usually wet year-round and rarely burns. They hold 1 to 4 seeds/cone scale [137,155,318]. Gray alder does not spread rapidly, but its clones can be long-lived. Note that the PDF version is the booklet as published, whereas the Excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. Research Paper

American beavers, however, used speckled alder as much as expected (P<0.05) [26].

In a winter deer yard in Quebec, white-tailed deer browsed red-osier dogwood and pussy willow more than expected, and speckled alder less than expected, based on availability [41]. water-dispersed seed Two studies suggest that speckled alder responds similarly to fire and logging. Thinleaf alder may occur in late postfire succession. is a tree or shrub, growing from 15 feet to 82 feet (4.6-25 m) tall. eastern white pine-eastern hemlock (frequent fire), Eastern white In an Alberta study of upland and riparian lodgepole pine, subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce, white spruce, and balsam poplar communities on the Jumping Creek Watershed, landform was the primary driver of fire frequencies. is generally unpalatable to wild ungulates [151,223], cattle, and horses. Grau-Erle (Alnus incana) Steckbrief - Grau-Erle. In southeastern Ontario, speckled alder seedlings were found 19 years after abandonment of ploughed hay fields, although in low numbers (<1% frequency).

In the Bitterroot Mountains of northern Idaho, thinleaf alder often establishes from wind-blown seed around postfire year 3 [217].

The fire top-killed 55% of speckled alder stems. No lateral extension of clones via root sprouting occurred. Study plots outside exclosures, which were subject to moose, elk, and mule deer foraging, did not contain thinleaf alder, Rocky Mountain maple (Acer glabrum), or several other important browse species [4].

In an assessment of Michigan shrub habitats, speckled alder occurred on the moistest, coolest, and most nutrient-poor sites when compared to other shrubs [36]. References: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Across 6 riparian sites burned at varying severities, total woody cover ranged from a low of 8% in postfire year 2 to 30% in postfire year 6. is an open, spreading shrubby tree or shrub, growing from 15 to 39 feet (4.6-12 m) tall [120,345] and usually less than 4 inches (10 cm) in stem diameter [215].

Annual sprout production averaged about 3 live stems/clump [176]. Thinleaf alder typically establishes on poor, skeletal soils in primary succession [149], but it usually enriches in soils in which it grows [149]. In northwestern Montana, thinleaf alder was abundant in Engelmann spruce/skunk cabbage riparian communities from early-seral (logged and heavily grazed) to late-seral and climax stages. The inflorescences are small, naked [131] catkins.

Thinleaf alder may be locally important to dominant in alpine riparian communities of the Southwest [40]. DOI: GBIF.org, 2016. DOI: GBIF.org, 2016. Palatability and/or nutritional value: Gray alder's palatability is rated poor to fair for big game animals. Tall shrub, adventitious buds and a sprouting root crown Willows may tolerate longer flooding seasons than speckled alder. Seed banking:

Speckled alder is common in coniferous, mixed conifer-hardwood, shrubland, and graminoid wetland communities in the Great Lakes region.

tenuifolia near the Columbia River in East Wenatchee, Douglas County Washington Alnus incana var. In central New York, annual growth increments of 4 speckled alder populations ranged from 0 to 2.8 inches (1.1 cm). INPN - Données flore des CBN agrégées par la FCBN. Speckled alder is a host of alder aphids (Prociphilus), which feed only on alders (Alnus) [368]. In this review, gray alder refers to information that is general to the species. However, old stands with diseased and downed trees may be "quite flammable", especially if white fir or red fir has formed ladder fuels in the understory [181]. community types of the Upper and Middle Rio Grande watersheds: thinleaf alder-red-osier dogwood, thinleaf alder/mesic forb, thinleaf alder/mesic graminoid, and quaking aspen/thinleaf alder-willow (, thinleaf alder-Wood's rose, thinleaf alder/Kentucky bluegrass, and thinleaf alder/woolly sedge community types of the Trout Creek Mountains. In the Trout Creek Mountains, thinleaf alder grows in sand- and siltbanks about 2.6 feet (0.8 m) above stream channels [114]. Thinleaf alder dominated the gravelbars [197].

Speckled alder is more characteristic of fen and bog margins than of the mires themselves, although it sometimes establishes in mires with peaty soils [89]. Feltleaf willow-Sitka willow-thinleaf alder communities occurred in isolated patches and on midlatitude landscapes; midlatitude sites had a longer period of recession than the northern sites.

Meusel, H., Jäger, E. J., Weinert, E. Speckled alder occurs in forest, shrub, and herbaceous communities. Stem density may increase after fire due to multiple sprouts arising from single root crowns (review by [312]). Atlas of Woody Plants in China. deutscher Name: Grau-Erle Familie: Birkengewächse (Betulaceae) Gattung: Alnus: Art: incana Herkunft: einheimisch Wuchshöhe : 5-18-22 Fruchtart: Zapfen und zapfenartige: Wurzelsystem: Herzwurzler Gartenwert : 2 … Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. DOI: GBIF.org, 2016.

In many forested riparian areas, live and dead fuel structure and loads have altered due to fire exclusion. 2011. thinleaf alder-common snowberry community type; most common in the Ochoco Mountains. Nearby bog communities with low shrub diversity tend to have less frequent fire-return intervals than the bog communities with high shrub diversity [356]. The authors concede that fewer fire scars does not necessarily mean fewer fires; fires in the riparian zone could have been mostly low-severity surface fires that caused less scarring than fires in upland areas, or fires could have been more severe, stand-replacement fires that left fewer standing live, fire-scarred trees than in upland zones. Speckled alders suffered 33% average mortality when water levels were kept above the root crown for 2 years, while speckled alders experienced no mortality when the water level was maintained below the root crown for the same length of time [196]. Arthropods and mollusks consume gray alder.

It can also sprout from roots, including root offsets [175,176,298], and Gray alder has a transient seed bank; seed longevity in the field or in water is short [344].

The seeds are small, 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long, and li…

Crown residual colonizer (on site, initial community) Thinleaf alder persisted in these late-successional forests, typically at greater abundance than in the pioneer stage [76]. Thinleaf alder is most common on wet to moist sites (review by [143]). Along the San Miguel River in southwestern Colorado, thinleaf alder shrub communities occupied less area than that of later-successional, narrowleaf cottonwood/thinleaf alder communities. At low- to midelevations in the southern Cascade Range and Klamath Mountain regions of California, fire-return intervals in riparian areas overall are about twice those of surrounding areas, but fire intensity is generally greater when the riparian areas burn [307]. Thinleaf alder was not present in aboveground vegetation on any of the study sites [317].

Site Characteristics and Plant Communities). In Montana, thinleaf alder communities typically develop on cobble and gravel, accumulating organic debris over time [149]. Managers of the Lac St-Francois National Wildlife Area in Quebec found that neither a single wildfire nor mechanical treatment (double-cutting shoots) controlled speckled alder invasion on an acidic, water sedge-hairy sedge fen in the short term, while stump applications of herbicide reduced speckled alder but also reduced nontarget plants. Southwest:

The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): (SVG file, nominally 2,232 × 797 pixels, file size: 5.33 MB). In the Great Lakes states, frequent prescribed fires (no return interval given) can help control speckled alder, beaked hazelnut, and American hazelnut in the understories of red pine plantations. One study found midsized speckled alder sprouts suffered the least mortality among size classes.   The noun ALNUS INCANA has 1 sense: 1. native to Europe but introduced in America. Thinleaf alder is frequently found on the edges of ponds, bogs, and fens [242]. die Grauerlen-Auenwälder (Alnus incana)) auf einem Flussabschnitt von 69 km Länge revitalisiert und wiederhergestellt werden. In a speckled alder community by a small stream in upstate New York, speckled alder stems averaged 14 years old, ranging from 7 to 31 years old. Some regeneration from seed was also apparent. In Michigan, it colonizes sand dunes by Lake Huron [13].

These individuals were centers of aggregation from which thinleaf alder thickets spread [75].



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