The Russell’s Pit Viper is far more dangerous than most poisonous snakes because it harms you even if you survive the initial bite. Mahendra BC (1984). PMID 7886689. Severe pain may last for 2–4 weeks. The amount of venom produced by the russell’s viper is ample, with adult specimens ranging from 130 milligrams to 268 mg in a single bite. Of the two pairs of chin shields, the front pair is notably enlarged. Often, local swelling peaks within 48–72 hours, involving both the affected limb and the trunk. In Manipuri or Meitei this snake is called Lindu and a folk story Kangleipak is associated with it. [22], D. russelii is ovoviviparous. (1999) are among those who favor the original misspelling, citing Article 32c (ii) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. "Phyletic relationships among viperine snakes". The blood pressure drops, and the heart rate falls. The dRVVT test is more sensitive than the aPTT test for the detection of lupus anticoagulant (an autoimmune disorder), because it is not influenced by deficiencies in clotting factors VIII, IX or XI. Superficially, the rough-scaled sand boa, Gongylophis conicus, has a color pattern that often looks like that of D. russelii, though it is completely harmless. Humid environments, such as marshes, swamps, and rain forests, are avoided. Toxicon. In Marathi this snake is called ghonas. [18] It is also common in Thailand in Pattaya and other tourist towns where its main prey, rats, have abundant food. "The life and viper of Dr Patrick Russell MD FRS (1727–1805): physician and naturalist". But the girl was bitten by a baby Russell’s viper on the stairway. If swelling up to the trunk occurs within 1–2 hours, massive envenomation is likely. It is uncommon to rare in the Ganges valley, northern Bengal, and Assam. This test is often referred to as dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT). In one case, it took a specimen nearly 4.5 hours to give birth to 11 young. It is a very dangerous snake. [31], In India, the Haffkine Institute prepares a polyvalent antivenin that is used to treat bites from this species.

For reprint rights: Times Syndication Service". [1] Russell had written of the species in his 1796 work An account of Indian serpents, collected on the coast of Coromandel, confirming its highly venomous nature by experimenting on chickens and dogs. It is most common in plains, coastal lowlands, and hills of suitable habitat. Shooed away by guard, Russell’s viper bites girl, (Image used for representative purpose only), BENGALURU: When 14-year-old Sahana K (name changed) was walking down the stairs of her, Copyright © 2020 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. [26] For most humans, a lethal dose is about 40–70 mg. [5] The bite may be a snap, or they may hang on for many seconds. Envenomation symptoms begin with pain at the site of the bite, immediately followed by swelling of the affected extremity. Indeed, the presence of rodents and lizards is the main reason they are attracted to human habitation. Severe disseminated intravascular coagulation also can occur in severe envenomations. The tail is short — about 14% of the total length — with the paired subcaudals numbering 41–68. Within its range, it can be common in some areas, but scarce in others. AddThis Sharing Buttons. As they grow and become adults, they begin to specialize in rodents. Famous snake catcher in Telangana dies of Russell’s viper bite. Each of these spots has a black ring around it, the outer border of which is intensified with a rim of white or yellow. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90402-2. Share to WhatsApp. Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is a species of venomous snake in the family Viperidae of venomous Old World vipers.It is found in Asia throughout the Indian subcontinent, much of Southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan. [18], Although this genus does not have the heat-sensitive pit organs common to the Crotalinae, it is one of a number of viperines that are apparently able to react to thermal cues, further supporting the notion that they, too, possess a heat-sensitive organ. [5], In English, common names of D. russelii include Russell's viper,[6][7][8][9] chain viper,[7][9] Indian Russell's viper,[10][11] common Russell's viper,[12] seven pacer,[13] chain snake, and scissors snake. The dorsal scales are strongly keeled; only the lowest row is smooth. [16] Mating generally occurs early in the year, although pregnant females may be found at any time. [6] In another study by Meier and Theakston revealed that the lethality of venom of Russell viper varies with change in route of injection as their results predicts the LD50 of 0.4 mg/kg through Intraparietal (I.P) route, 0.75 mg/kg/subcutaneous (S.C) route and 0.3 mg/kg through intravenous (I.V) route. 32 (11): 1295–304. Blistering occurs at the site of the bite, developing along the affected limb in severe cases. [18] [16] In India, is abundant in Punjab, very common along the West Coast and its hills, in southern India especially in the state of Karnataka and north to Bengal. Most Russell’s viper bites (63%) occur in the day time, between 6 am and 6 pm (Silva et al, 2016b). Share to Twitter.

[6] These snakes are strong and may react violently to being picked up. The Russel's Viper or Daboia russelii is responsible for a high morbidity (symptoms indicating Russel's viper bite) and fatalities. Man held captive at home rescued after two years, LAC row: Discussions confidential, do not want to prejudge, says Jaishankar, Indian companies may get nod to list in 7 countries, Why pause in Covid-19 vaccine trials may be a good sign, Live: Covid vaccine expected in next few months, says Harsh Vardhan. Clinical picture following viper bite is usually characterized by local tissue reaction, haemorrhagic manifestations, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in case of Russell’s viper. [citation needed] Other scientific studies support the hypothesis that D. russelii bites can cause hypopituitarism. Juveniles are crepuscular, feeding on lizards and foraging actively. More specifically, this would be the Coromandel Coast, by inference of Russell (1796).[19]. Others, such as Zhao and Adler (1993) favor russellii.[19]. [6], Juveniles are known to be cannibalistic. [6] Kidney failure (renal failure) also occurs in approximately 25-30 percent of untreated bites. McDiarmid et al. Locally, it may persist depending on the level of tissue damage. Reid HA (1968). [28][29][30], Because this venom is so effective at inducing thrombosis, it has been incorporated into an in vitro diagnostic test for blood clotting that is widely used in hospital laboratories. Discoloration may occur throughout the swollen area as red blood cells and plasma leak into muscle tissue. Shaw & Nodder (1797), in their account of the species Coluber russelii, named it after Dr. Patrick Russell, but apparently misspelled his name, using only one "L" instead of two. "Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh and Pakistan". The venter is white, whitish, yellowish, or pinkish, often with an irregular scattering of dark spots. A number of other subspecies may be encountered in literature,[6] including: The correct spelling of the species, D. russelii, has been, and still is, a matter of debate. [20][21] The identity of this sensor is not certain, but the nerve endings in the supranasal sac of these snakes resemble those found in other heat-sensitive organs. Venom toxicity and bite symptoms in humans vary within different populations and over time. [14], D. russelii can grow to a maximum length (body + tail) of 166 cm (5.5 ft) and averages about 120 cm (4 ft) on mainland Asian populations. Large members of some species can easily deliver a lethal dose in humans.

The LD50 in mice, which is used as a possible indicator of snake venom toxicity, is: 0.133 mg/kg intravenous,[24] 0.40 mg/kg intraperitoneal,[25] about 0.75 mg/kg subcutaneous. [6], The crown of the head is covered with irregular, strongly fragmented scales. D. russelii does not associate as closely with human habitation as Naja and Bungarus species (cobras and kraits). [16] Ditmars (1937) reported the following dimensions for a "fair-sized adult specimen":[17], The head is flattened, triangular, and distinct from the neck. The eyes are large, flecked with yellow or gold, and surrounded by 10–15 circumorbital scales. Bleeding is a common symptom, especially from the gums and in the urine, and sputum may show signs of blood within 20 minutes after the bite. It seems that sexual maturity is achieved in 2–3 years. When striking from this position, they can exert so much force that even a large individual can lift most of its body off the ground in the process. This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 03:23.

Litters of 20–40 are common,[6] although fewer offspring may occur, as few as one. The supranasal scale has a strong crescent shape and separates the nasal from the nasorostral scale anteriorly. Reported venom yields for adult specimens range from 130–250 mg to 150–250 mg to 21–268 mg. For 13 juveniles with an average total length of 79 cm (31 in), the average venom yield was 8–79 mg (mean 45 mg).[6].


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