France had suffered an embarrassing defeat against Prussia (Germany) in the Franco-Prussian War and During the Middle Ages, civilization was looked upon as determined religiously; for all the different nationalities of Christendom as well as for those of Islam, there was but one civilization—Christian or Muslim—and but one language of culture—Latin (or Greek) or Arabic (or Persian). Because of its dynamic vitality and its all-pervading character, nationalism is often thought to be very old; sometimes it is mistakenly regarded as a permanent factor in political behaviour. Nationalism emphasized the particular and parochial, the differences, and the national individualities. Fascist leaders like Adolf Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy used nationalism to override individual self-interest, subjugating the welfare of the general population to achieve social goals. Omissions? With this great power came extreme nationalism with many German people feeling they were superior to the people of other European Austria-Hungary, unwilling to let Serbia extend its borders, opposed these efforts. For example, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 reduced global trade by 65 percent and worsened the Great Depression. Updates? They oppose globalism and empires. Because of this need for national security and pride, territories and colonies were required. The chief and most obvious of such groups is the military. Nationalism (as of dictionary.com) is “a sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism.” Nationalism, although it can serve as a unifying force within a country, can also cause intense competition amongst other nations. The influential groups, who are directly involved in external affairs and, hence, in wars, are the main subject of analysis. French nationalism came into play as cause of World War One. No longer was the king the nation or the state; the state had become the people’s state, a national state, a fatherland, or a motherland. Possibly, however, this is the characteristic only of new, immature nationalisms, for nationalism has ceased to be a major cause of conflict and war among the nations of western Europe. of Austria-Hungary and cause a revolt. As a rule, the majority group violently opposes the breakaway movement. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which started WW1, was carried out by a group of Slav assassins. nations needed in order to run factories and other industries, being rich in natural resources- such as rubber, gold and diamonds. The people, about whose attitudes adequate knowledge is lacking, are generally assumed to be taken up with their daily lives and to be in favour of peace. Economic nationalism also prefers bilateral trade agreements between two countries. Military prowess was a major qualification for political leadership in primitive societies; the search for military glory as well as for the spoils of victory seems to have been one of the major motivations for war. No suitable method has been found for divorcing nationalism from the state and for meeting national demands through adequate social and cultural provisions within a larger unit. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.

This article offers an overview of the progress of nationalism and the national idea starting with its origins as a mass political programme during the French Revolution and tracing its passage up to the beginning of the First World War.



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