With the above example, it is safer to say that the supernova explosion happened less than 400 years ago, because it is quite likely that the SNR's expansion has slowed down since the explosion (whereas it is unlikely to have sped up). Type Ia supernovae (see /u/charonpdx's post) involve a white dwarf gathering material from a companion star (see more here). The supernova is about 13,000 light-years away. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. With energy dissipation following exponential rates as the "blown out" mass and energy leave in roughly spherical waves. The one star doesn't "collapse" per se but does blow off its outer layers. To get a white dwarf, you need a relatively low mass star, so it's not capable of leaving behind a black hole.
Types of supernova remnant If we were to directly observe a Supernova (and assuming we caught it at the beginning), would an astronomer live long enough to see the whole thing? The nebula, 6,500 light-years away, is … time = 100/ (0.25 /year) = 400 years. After almost 1,000 years, the nebula is still losing 100,000 times as much energy per second as the Sun. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Radio Astronomy | Pulsar Timing | Interstellar Medium, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/06/science/astronomers-observe-supernova-and-find-theyre-watching-reruns.html?_r=0, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comparative_supernova_type_light_curves.png. See http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comparative_supernova_type_light_curves.png, where the x-axis is time in days and the y-axis is luminosity (more negative = brighter).

The whole timeline can be seen here. This has a half-life of 90 years and the gamma rays can traverse the galaxy easily, so it permits us to see any remnants from the last millennium or so. Stars start their lives as hot balls of hydrogen going through nuclear fusion. For a supernova as the result of the collapse of a massive star (type II supernova), the collapse happens within a fraction of a second. This is known as the "free expansion" phase and may last for approximately 200 years, at which point the shock wave has swept up as much interstellar material as the initial stellar ejecta. Supernova remnants, which is the expanding shockwave left over after a SN has dimmed, last on the order of 10,000 years, but that's not what's been seen in the article. Does a Supernova take hours? Of course, that's just with the "classic" form of Supernova, a Type Ia. When the supernova remnant slows to the speed of the random velocities in the surrounding medium, after roughly 30,000 years, it will merge into the general turbulent flow, contributing its remaining kinetic energy to the turbulence.
But there is a certain point during the collapse after which the "Supernova" is triggered. Fascinating article: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/06/science/astronomers-observe-supernova-and-find-theyre-watching-reruns.html?_r=0. It all depends on how you define "Supernova". Technically, forever. A light-year is the distance that light can travel in a year -- about 6 trillion miles (10 trillion kilometers). You can read more here. This just goes to show how much energy is involved in these event. Months? Milllenia? A few hours later, the shockwave breaches the outer layer of the star. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. If you refer specifically to the point at which a star collapses sufficiently to "blow off" material, leaving only the dwarf (or black hole) left behind, it is nearly an instantaneous event.


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