One scientist estimates the current extinction rate may be 10,000 times the background extinction rate, although most scientists predict a much lower extinction rate than this outlying estimate. The most severe effects may include Puerto Rico, where insect ground fall has declined by 98% in the previous 35 years. [77] However, continent-wide extinction of all genera weighing over 100 kilograms, and six of seven genera weighing between 45 and 100 kilograms occurred around 46,400 years ago (4,000 years after human arrival)[78] and the fact that megafauna survived until a later date on the island of Tasmania following the establishment of a land bridge[79] suggest direct hunting or anthropogenic ecosystem disruption such as fire-stick farming as likely causes. The study found that more than 500 vertebrate species are poised to be lost in the next two decades. [160] Another 2019 study published in Biology Letters found that extinction rates are perhaps much higher than previously estimated, in particular for bird species.[161].

[159], A 2019 study published in Nature Communications found that rapid biodiversity loss is impacting larger mammals and birds to a much greater extent than smaller ones, with the body mass of such animals expected to shrink by 25% over the next century. In the Mesozoic, it has been estimated that sauropods could have emitted 520 million tons of methane to the atmosphere annually,[109] contributing to the warmer climate of the time (up to 10 °C warmer than at present).

[11][17][18][19], The 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, published by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, posits that roughly one million species of plants and animals face extinction within decades as the result of human actions. [23] The timing of South American megafaunal extinction appears to precede human arrival, although the possibility that human activity at the time impacted the global climate enough to cause such an extinction has been suggested. Using chemical proxies from Antarctic ice cores, researchers have estimated the fluctuations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gases in the Earth's atmosphere during the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Consequently, many extinct bird species remain to be discovered, ... large-bodied, flightless birds such as kiwi, takahe, and kakapo. ", "Human-caused extinctions have set mammals back millions of years", "It Will Take Millions of Years for Mammals to Recover From Us", "Humans exploiting and destroying nature on unprecedented scale – report", "Wildlife in 'catastrophic decline' due to human destruction, scientists warn", "60 percent of global wildlife species wiped out", "Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction", "Correlates of rediscovery and the detectability of extinction in mammals", "Humans causing shrinking of nature as larger animals die off", "Bird species are facing extinction hundreds of times faster than previously thought", "Once a Dream Fuel, Palm Oil May Be an Eco-Nightmare", "Palm Oil Continues to Dominate Global Consumption in 2006/07", "Once a Dream, Palm Oil May Be an Eco-Nightmare", "The bird communities of oil palm and rubber plantations in Thailand", "Palm oil threatening endangered species", Center for Science in the Public Interest, "Tree kangaroos 'on brink of extinction' due to palm oil deforestation", Orangutans face complete extinction within 10 years, animal rescue charity warns, "Meat-eaters may speed worldwide species extinction, study warns", "Industrial farming is driving the sixth mass extinction of life on Earth, says leading academic", "Rising global meat consumption 'will devastate environment, "Vast animal-feed crops to satisfy our meat needs are destroying planet", "Humans 'threaten 1m species with extinction, "Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life", "Human activity threatens billions of years of evolutionary history, researchers warn", "Orca 'apocalypse': half of killer whales doomed to die from pollution", "Plastic Bag Ban Will Help Save California's Endangered Sea Turtles", "Plastic trash altering ocean habitats, Scripps study shows", "1,700 Species Will Likely Go Extinct Due to Human Land Use, Study Says", "Hotspots of human impact on threatened terrestrial vertebrates", "Migratory river fish populations down 76% since 1970: study", "World's most endangered marine mammal down to 30 individuals", "World's most endangered marine mammal is now down to 10 animals", "Giraffes must be listed as endangered, conservationists formally tell US", Elephants in the Dust – The African Elephant Crisis, "African Elephant Population Dropped 30 Percent in 7 Years", This Is the Most Important Issue That's Not Being Talked About in This Election, 'Our living dinosaurs' There are far fewer African elephants than we thought, study shows, "North Atlantic right whales now officially 'one step from extinction, "World's strangest sharks and rays 'on brink of extinction, "Ecological selectivity of the emerging mass extinction in the oceans", "Great White Sharks Among Marine Megafauna That Could Go Extinct in Next 100 Years, Study Warns", Humanity driving 'unprecedented' marine extinction, "The demise of the golden toad and the creation of a climate change icon species", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T158613A5241303.en, "Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity", "Bat White-Nose Syndrome: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen? Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is a similar infection currently threatening salamanders.

& Faure H. (1997) (eds. [46][67][69] He argued that the patterns of the significant decline of CO2 levels during the last ice age of the Pleistocene inversely correlates to the Holocene where there have been dramatic increases of CO2 around 8000 years ago and CH4 levels 3000 years after that. Global warming is widely accepted as being a contributor to extinction worldwide, in a similar way that previous extinction events have generally included a rapid change in global climate and meteorology. [57], While a number of human-derived factors are recognized as contributing to rising atmospheric concentrations of CH4 (methane) and CO2 (carbon dioxide), deforestation and territorial clearance practices associated with agricultural development may be contributing most to these concentrations globally. [223][224], "Sixth Extinction" redirects here. Butterfly species have declined by 58% on farmland in England. [23], Comparisons are sometimes made between recent extinctions (approximately since the industrial revolution) and the Pleistocene extinction near the end of the last glacial period.


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