…closely related to Middle and Old Persian, former languages of the region of Fārs (Persia) in southwestern Iran. It is first attested in the inscriptions of Darius I (ruled 522–486 bce), of which the longest, earliest, and most important is that of Bīsitūn. Thus, from the 5th-century-bce historian Herodotus, the Median word for “female dog” (spaka)…, Old Persian was the language of the Achaemenid court.

The ancient Persians were originally an ancient Iranian people who migrated to the region of Persis, corresponding to the modern province of Fars in southwestern … Avestan (an extinct East Iranian language) was probably spoken in northeastern Iran, and Old Persian (an extinct West Iranian language) is known to have been used in southwestern Iran. It is thus called Fārsī by native speakers. …spoken in northeastern Iran, and Old Persian (an extinct West Iranian language) is known to have been used in southwestern Iran. Of the ancient Iranian languages, only two are known from texts or inscriptions, Avestan and Old Persian, the oldest parts of which date from the 6th century bce. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language, as well as languages closely related to Persian.. It is likely that all those languages that are known only from the Middle Iranian period were in fact spoken in a less developed form in the ancient period. The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group that make up over half the population of Iran. The degree of mutual intelligibility that existed among the ancient Iranian languages is not known with certainty. …of the Zoroastrians (Parsis), and Old Persian, the official language of Darius I (ruled 522–486 bce) and Xerxes I (486–465 bce) and their successors. In ancient Iran: Language …Persians, at least originally, spoke Old Persian, a southwestern dialect of Iranian (Median was a northwestern Iranian dialect), and were a nonliterate society. Middle Persian is known in three forms, not entirely homogeneous—inscriptional Middle Persian, Pahlavi (often more precisely called Book Pahlavi), and Manichaean Middle Persian.

Professor and Director, Department of Iranian Studies, University of Hamburg. Historical survey of the Iranian languages, The Iranian protolanguage and its development, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iranian-languages, Encyclop�dia Iranica - Iranian Language and Scripts. In addition, a number of Median personal names are attested in various sources. Khwārezmian was the language of Khwārezm, a historic region in present-day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan but formerly of greater extent. The official language of Malaysia is English. Written in Arabic characters, Modern Persian also has many Arabic loanwords and an extensive literature.



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